In this course, we aim to address fundamental aspects to gain a comprehensive understanding of China's role in our region from a long-term perspective. The primary objective of this course is to present key elements for understanding the multiple dimensions of China's presence and impact in Latin America and the Caribbean today. This includes exploring historical relations, migration, as well as economic, political, and cultural exchanges.
We offer this course from Latin America, developed by a diverse group of scholars from disciplines such as history, anthropology, political science, international relations, economics, and geography. We hope to contribute to a deeper understanding of China, bilateral relations, and future challenges between China and Latin America, and to grasp how this relationship is evolving. Understanding between people always involves dialogue and collaboration.
We will soon provide information on the application process for this free course.
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Unit 1: GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND CULTURE
1.1. Geography of China
Maps:
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/china/geog/maps.htm
https://theancientinstitute.wordpress.com/china-maps/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canal_%28China%29#/media/File:Grand-Canal.png
Grand Canal: https://whc.unesco.org/es/list/1443
1.2. History and Culture
Legalism and Mao Zedong:
Zedong M y Schram S. (1993). "Essay on How Shang Yang Established Confidence by the Moving of the Pole, 1912, en Schram S. (ed.), Mao’s Road to Power: Revolutionary Writings 1912-1949:v. 1: Pre-Marxist Period, New York: Routledge.
Religion in China:
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/08/30/measuring-religion-in-china/
1.3. Buddhism and Sinicization
Sinicization:
Standen, N. (2013). “Foreign Conquerors of China”, en Naomi S. (ed), Demystifying China. New Understandings of Chinese History. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Manchu Empire:
Kyle Crossley P. (2002). Los manchúes: fundadores del imperio Qing. Barcelona: editorial Ariel.
World Maps from the Chinese Perspective:
Barandica, L. A.; Padilla, O. (2005).“坤輿萬國全圖 Kunyu Wanguo Quantu (Mapa Panorámico y completo de los diez mil países) c. 1604. Estudio y traducción I. Noticia del mapa de portada”, en Resap 2, 11-43.
Barandica, L. A.; Padilla O. (2016). “坤輿萬國全圖Kunyu Wanguo Quantu (Mapa Panorámico y completo de los diez mil países) c. 1604. Estudio y traducción II”. Resap 3, 215-246.
1.4. China and the World:
Manila Galleon:
Asian Slaves in America:
Seijas, T. (2015). Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Port of Canton, 19th Century:
https://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=4124&pid=3
Taiping Rebellion:
Spence, J. D. (1996). God’s Chinese son: the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan. Nueva York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Boxer:
Xiang, L. (2003). The Origins of the Boxer War. Abingdon: Routledge.
Unit 2: HISTORICAL MIGRATION OF CHINA IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
2.1. Origen de la inmigración
Talk by Evelyn Hu-DeHart: "Apology Request in Torreón and the Historical Memory of Chinese in Mexico"
Gender and Coolies in Latin America:
Tinsman, H. (2023). "Freeing Chinese Men on the María Luz: Gender and the Latin American Coolie Trade". Journal of Global History, pp.1-20, en https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-global-history/article/freeing-chinese-men-on-the-maria-luz-gender-and-the-latin-american-coolie-trade/46F099E07D2109185AF6F7A3070FFC2D
Chinese Business in Latin America and the Caribbean:
Palma P.; Montt, M. (2019). "Chinese Business in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Historical Overview". Historical Overview, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019): Special Issue. Presence of Chinese Businesses in the World, pp.175-203, en https://revistes.ub.edu/index.php/JESB/article/view/j064
2.2. Migration and Xenophobia
Massacre of Chinese in Torreón, Mexico:
https://museoarocena.com/memorial-1911/
Restrictive Immigration Policies:
https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-38911348
Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States:
Chinese Restaurants and Businesses:
Banh J.; Liu. H (2020). American Chinese restaurants : society, culture and consumption. New York: Routledge.
Díaz Aguad, A., Díaz Araya A. y Sánchez E. (2014). "Comercio local y redes sociales de la población china en Arica y Tarapacá, Chile (1900-1930)". Interciencia: Revista de ciencia y tecnología de América, V. 39, Nº7, 476-482.
Calle Recabarren M. (2014). "Hijos del dragón: inmigrantes chinos y su inserción socioeconómica en la provincia de Tarapacá, 1860-1940". Revista de Ciencias Sociales, Iquique, Nº2, 25-62.
Political Role of Chinese Communities:
Palma, P., Montt Strabucchi, M. (2017). "La diáspora china en Iquique y su rol en la política de ultramar durante la República y el inicio de la Guerra Fría (1911-1950)". Diálogo Andino, n. 54, 143-152, en http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0719-26812017000300143.
2.6. Political Role of Chinese Communities:
Migration in Peru:
Confucius Institute Case in Uruguay:
Chinese Migration Diversity:
Moraga, J. (2018). "Reparto comunitario y gasto agonístico: diferenciaciones y hegemonías entre antiguos y nuevos migrantes chinos en Chile / Community distribution and agonistic spending: Differentiations and hegemonies among old and new Chinese migrants in Chile". Rumbos TS, 133-152, en https://revistafacso.ucentral.cl/index.php/rumbos/article/view/21
2.8. Latin America and the Complex Relationship Between Chinese and China los chinos y China
Coalition Against Racism and Asian Discrimination:
Unit 3: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AN CHILE/LATIN AMERICA
3.1 Bilateral Insertion Strategy:
Investment Strategies:
Borquez, A. and Bravo, C. (2021), "Who are China’s strategic economic partners in South America?". Asian Education and Development Studies, Vol. 10 No. 3,445-456.
Song, G., Borquez, A., & Muñoz, F. (2020). Rethinking Strategic Alignments: China and the Building of Wide-ranging and Multidimensional Networks. China: An International Journal 18(4), 1-26.
3.2 Economic Relations
ICLAC Interactive Map of Chinese Investments in the Southern Cone:
https://iclac.cl/mapa-repositorio-regional-de-inversiones-chinas/
Political Reforms and Trade Relations:
Wilhelmy, M., & Soto, W. Y. A. (comp.) (2005). El proceso de reformas en China y la política exterior: de Deng Xiaoping a Hu Jintao, en Moneta C.; Cesarín S. (2005). China y América Latina. Nuevos enfoques sobre cooperación y desarrollo. ¿Una segunda ruta de la seda. Buenos Aires: BID-INTAL, en https://publications.iadb.org/es/publications/spanish/viewer/China-y-Am%C3%A9rica-Latina-Nuevos-Enfoques-sobre-Cooperaci%C3%B3n-y-Desarrollo-%C2%BFUna-Segunda-Ruta-de-la-Seda.pdf
Martínez, J. R. (2019). "El cambio de estrategia comercial china. De productos low-end a high-end. Economía, comercio e inversión", en Dussel E. (coord.), Economía, comercio e inversión 2023. Ciudad de México: Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe, en https://www.redalc-china.org/images/docs/RedALC_China_Economia_comercio_e_inversion_2023.pdf
3.3 China in the WTO: Towards Globalization and International Trade
Second CELAC-China Academic Forum:
CELAC Forum Ten Years After Its Creation:
https://latinoamerica21.com/es/el-foro-china-celac-a-10-anos-de-su-creacion/
3.4 Going Global and Diversification
Criticisms of Bilateral Trade Dynamics:
https://merics.org/en/chiles-once-pioneering-relationship-china-turning-dependency;
Figures on Foreign Trade in Chile:
https://santandertrade.com/en/portal/analyse-markets/chile/foreign-trade-in-figures#:~:text=Chile%20has%20a%20very%20open,GDP%20(latest%20data%20available).
3.5 Cooperation in Security and Defense
Diplomacy and Defense:
Cottey, A. (2004). Reshaping Defence Diplomacy New Roles for Military Cooperation and Assistance. London: Routledge.
Chinese Government Policy Papers on Peace, Security, and Legal Affairs:
https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2016/11/24/content_281475499069158.htm
China-CELAC Forum:
China-CELAC Forum (chinacelacforum.org)
New Satellite Between Brazil and China:
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute:
https://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers
3.6 International Relations from Non-State Actors
Chinese Soft Power:
Ramírez L., Miranda V., Hernández, M. (2020). "Más allá del comercio: Análisis del poder blando de la República Popular China y estrategias implementadas en América Latina y Colombia", Este artículo es elaborado como requisito de grado del programa de Negocios Internacionales de la Institución Universitaria Esumer, en https://repositorio.esumer.edu.co/jspui/bitstream/esumer/2104/1/An%c3%a1lisis%20del%20poder%20blando%20de%20la%20RPC%20y%20estrategias%20en%20Am%c3%a9rica%20Latina%20y%20Colombia.pdf
Chinese Malls:
https://www.emol.com/noticias/Economia/2023/09/03/1105921/comercio-chino-en-chile.html
https://www.24horas.cl/actualidad/nacional/malls-chinos-aumentan-50-en-santiago-y-100-en-todo-chile
3.7 Challenges in China-Latin America Relations
Lopes D., Quinet S. y Salgueiro, F. (2021). Latin America and China: mutual benefit or dependency? Cepal Review, 147-162, en https://www.cepal.org/en/publications/47821-latin-america-and-china-mutual-benefit-or-dependency
Challenges and opportunities for Latin America and the Caribbean in post-pandemic world trade:
Unit 4: THE CHINESE ECONOMY
4.2. The Economy in the Maoist Era
Economy, Political Reforms, and Opening-Up:
Rosales, O. (2020). El sueño chino. Cómo se ve China a sí misma y cómo nos equivocamos los occidentales al interpretarla. México - Buenos Aires - Barcelona: Siglo XXI; Santiago de Chile: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, en https://repositorio.cepal.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b7dc660e-9037-4a4f-ab65-0e21dc2aa369/content
4.3. Transformations Resulting from the "Reform and Opening-Up" Policy
Rodríguez, M. (1995). "Reformas económicas en China. De una economía socialista a una economía de mercado". Estudios de Asia y Africa, 30(2), 357-377, en https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/320/oa_edited_volume/chapter/2583553/pdf
Hofman, B. (2018). "Reflections on Forty Years of China`s Reforms. Speech at the Fudan University's Fanhai School of International Finance, en https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/934911517472447837-0070022018/original/Reflectionson40yearsofreformsfinal.pdf
4.4. Urbanization and Economic Geography of China
Li H, Han L, Ao Y, Wang Y, Wang T. (2022). "Influences of the Built Environment on Rural School Children’s Travel Mode Choice: The Case of Chengdu". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), en https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159008
Hukou System:
https://open.spotify.com/episode/3FhsM5HybLTsPn24SS71uE
Norambuena Carrasco, C., Duhalde Valenzuela, B. (2021). "Hukou, registro de hogares en China: desafíos de la migración interna (1958-2018)". Si Somos Americanos, 21(1), 152-179, en https://sisomosamericanos.cl/index.php/sisomosamericanos/article/view/1012
Song,Y. (2014). "What should economists know about the current Chinese hukou system?".
China Economic Review, 29, 200-212, en https://sisomosamericanos.cl/index.php/sisomosamericanos/article/view/1012
International Monetary Fund: Inequality in China:
Chandra S., Khor, N., Schauer, J., et.al. (2018). "Inequality in China-Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies". IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, en https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2018/06/05/Inequality-in-China-Trends-Drivers-and-Policy-Remedies-45878
New Type of Urbanization in China:
Sun, D., Zhou, L., Li, Y. et al. (2017). "New-type urbanization in China: Predicted trends and investment demand for 2015–2030". J. Geogr. Sci. 27, 943–966.
4.5. Effects on Latin America
Trade and Sustainable Development in Latin America:
Herreros, S., & Durán Lima, J. (2011). "Reprimarización y desindustrialización en América Latina, dos caras de la misma moneda". Segunda Mesa Redonda sobre Comercio y Desarrollo Sostenible. División de Comercio Internacional e Integración, CEPAL, en https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/events/files/presentacion_sebastian_herreros_y_jose_duran.pdf
Chilean Cases on Chinese Business Projects: See ICLAC Publications: Salmon, Hydroelectric Plant, and Lithium in Chile:
https://iclac.cl/publicaciones/policy-brief/central-hidroelectrica-rucalhue-region-del-biobio/
Unit 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AXIS
5.1. Environmental Challenges
Myers, M., Melguizo, A., Wang Y. (2024). “NEW INFRASTRUCTURE” Emerging Trends in Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean". The Dialogue. China-Lac Report, en https://www.thedialogue.org/analysis/new-infrastructure-emerging-trends-in-chinese-foreign-direct-investment-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean/
Benedicte Bull, B. (2024). China y la nueva geopolítica del multilateralismo climático en América Latina. Iberoamericana, V. 52, Nº1, en https://iberoamericana.se/articles/10.16993/
CAF -Banco de desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe. (2024). "Estudio: interés y demanda de China por el mercado de carbono en América Latina y el Caribe". Distrito Capital, en https://scioteca.caf.com/handle/123456789/2209
5.2. Influence on Latin America
Progress in Energy Transition:
Mining Exploitation:
https://www.americasquarterly.org/fulltextarticle/do-chinese-mining-companies-exploit-more/
5.4. Environmental Challenges and Policies in China: Impacts on Latin America
Lithium Extraction and Processing:
5.5. Energy Cooperation
Socio-environmental Impact Projects:
https://iclac.cl/en/publicaciones/policy-brief/central-hidroelectrica-rucalhue-region-del-biobio/
5.6. Conclusions
COP3:
Unit 6: CHINA’S CURRENT PROJECTS AND CHALLENGES
6.1. Growing Chinese Presence
Confucius Institutes:
https://fundacionandresbello.org/institutos-confucio-alc/
COVID:
Urdinez, F. (2021). “China’s Improvised Mask Diplomacy in Chile”. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, en https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2021/04/chinas-improvised-mask-diplomacy-in-chile?lang=en
Chan, C. y Montt Strabucchi M. (2021). “Many-faced orientalism: racism and xenophobia in a time of the novel coronavirus in Chile”. Asian Ethnicity 22 (2): 374–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2020.1795618.
https://funpacifico.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/ARTICULO-MYERS-EL-MERCURIO.pdf
6.2. Examining the Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America
Serrano, J.E., Telias, D. y Urdinez, F. (2020). "Deconstructing the Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America". Asian Education and Development Studies, V. 10/3, 337-347.
Zhao K., Mallimaci, F., Jiang, S., et.al.(edit) (2018). La franja y la ruta: iniciativa china de cooperación con América Latina y Caribe. Ushuaia: Ediciones UNTDF.
6.3. China’s Projections in the Region
6.4. Digital Markets
Gonzalez-Jauregui J., Tussie D.A. (2023). "La presencia económica de China en Sudamérica: implicaciones para las dinámicas de cooperación intrarregional". URVIO, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad. Red Latinoamericana de Análisis de Seguridad y Delincuencia Organizada (RELASEDOR) y FLACSO Sede Ecuador, No. 36, 8-25.
6.5. Renewable Energies and a Global Ecological Civilization
Ping Huang, Linda Westman (2021) "China's imaginary of ecological civilization: A resonance between the state-led discourse and sociocultural dynamics" Energy Research & Social Science, 81, 1-7, en https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102253.
Electric Vehicles:
Scale of Increase in Chinese Electric Vehicles: