Author: Mariano del Pópolo (2026)
Abstract: This case report analyzes the evolution of military and defense relations between Chile and China (2010–2025), with an emphasis on the expansion of economic diplomacy driven by Chinese defense sector companies. Based on the examination of official documents, public records, and open sources, the study traces a trajectory of institutional continuity in bilateral ties, sustained since the signing of the security and defense cooperation agreement in 2011 and consolidated through regular exchanges and dialogue forums such as the Joint Commission for Defense Exchange and Cooperation and the regional defense forums promoted by China.
In recent years, the incorporation of dual-use technologies has reinforced cooperation in logistical, surveillance, and communications areas, consolidating Chinese companies as providers of such solutions in the defense sector.
Nevertheless, this expansion faces structural limitations associated with pressure from the United States and dependence on military equipment and systems from NATO countries. Taken together, the Chilean case evidenced a gradual and controlled but sustained cooperation over the period, which allowed for the incorporation of new suppliers without altering the strategic balances of national defense policy.