Author: Mariano del Pópolo (2026)
Abstract: Over the past decade, defense relations between Chile and China have developed gradually, combining institutional continuity with a growing economic diplomacy from Chinese defense industry companies. Since the signing of the security and defense cooperation agreement in 2011, both countries have maintained regular military exchanges. However, the most dynamic axis of the recent relationship has been the economic diplomacy deployed by Chinese companies, which have managed to insert themselves into the Chilean defense sector through logistical contracts and dual-use technologies, without involving transfers of weapons systems.
The study identifies that various Chinese companies have gained a foothold through the sale of logistical, surveillance, and communications equipment. This expansion reflects Beijing's interest in strengthening its technological presence in South America and Chile's willingness to diversify suppliers under a pragmatic logic. Nevertheless, cooperation faces structural limitations linked to U.S. pressure, dependence on NATO standards, and distrust toward Chinese material. Taken together, the Chilean case demonstrates an openness to Chinese technology, seeking to take advantage of opportunities without altering the country's traditional strategic ties.